Internal Quality Assurance in Vocational Education: A Virtual Observation Study of PPEPP-Based SPMI Implementation at SMK Telkom Malang
Keywords:
Internal Quality Assurance System (SPMI), PPEPP Cycle, Virtual Observation, Digital Quality Assurance, Vocational EducationAbstract
The rapid advancement of digital technology has transformed educational governance, including the implementation of internal quality assurance systems in schools. In vocational education, digital transparency through institutional websites has become an important indicator of accountability and quality culture. This study aimed to analyze the implementation of the Internal Quality Assurance System (SPMI) based on the PPEPP cycle (Determination, Implementation, Evaluation, Control, and Improvement) at SMK Telkom Malang using a virtual observation approach. A descriptive mixed-methods design was employed, combining quantitative scoring and qualitative interpretation of digital evidence available on the school’s official online platforms. Data were collected through virtual observation and document analysis using an instrument consisting of five assessment aspects and twenty indicators. The findings showed that SMK Telkom Malang achieved a total score of 56 out of 80, placing its SPMI implementation in the “Good” category. The highest scores were obtained in Information Transparency (16/16) and Quality Evidence (15/16), indicating strong institutional commitment to digital openness and quality documentation. However, Evaluation and Quality Improvement received the lowest score (5/16), revealing weaknesses in monitoring and continuous improvement processes. The study concludes that the school has established a solid quality culture supported by digital systems, although stronger data-driven evaluation and quality control mechanisms are needed to enhance sustainable quality improvement.
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